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SS-31 | Reference Standard

$49.00
$49.00
Specification

    Product Details

    Cellular Energy Preservation, Oxidative Stress & Apoptosis Research

    Category:
    Mitochondrial Biology • Cellular Bioenergetics • Oxidative Stress • Aging & Cell Death Research

     

    What Researchers Study

    SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide engineered to selectively localize to the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), where cellular energy production and apoptosis signaling originate.

    Researchers study SS-31 because it:

    • Selectively binds cardiolipin, a mitochondrial-specific phospholipid

    • Stabilizes mitochondrial cristae architecture

    • Reduces mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS)

    • Preserves ATP production efficiency

    • Prevents cytochrome-c release and apoptosis initiation

    SS-31 is widely regarded as a reference compound for mitochondrial membrane protection.

     

    Primary Signal Pathways Studied

    • Cardiolipin–electron transport chain (ETC) stabilization

    • Mitochondrial ROS generation control

    • Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) regulation

    • ATP synthesis coupling efficiency

    • Intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptosis signaling

    • Cellular stress resilience and survival

     

    Why This Molecule Is Studied

    Unlike general antioxidants, SS-31:

    • Targets mitochondria directly

    • Acts at the source of ROS generation

    • Preserves physiological redox signaling elsewhere in the cell

    • Protects energy production without suppressing metabolism

    This specificity makes SS-31 especially valuable for aging, ischemia, neurodegeneration, cardiac, and renal research.

     

    Mechanistic Overview

    SS-31 is water-soluble yet membrane-penetrant, allowing rapid intracellular uptake and accumulation within the IMM.

    Key mechanisms include:

    • Cardiolipin binding, stabilizing ETC complex structure

    • ROS scavenging at the mitochondrial membrane

    • Reduction of lipid peroxidation cascades

    • Improved proton gradient integrity

    • Prevention of apoptosis signaling initiation

    This results in higher ATP yield per substrate and improved cellular survival under stress.

     

    Key Research Domains

    1. Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury

    Studied extensively in:

    • Cardiac ischemia

    • Stroke and cerebral ischemia

    • Renal ischemia models

    SS-31 limits mitochondrial collapse during reperfusion by preventing ROS bursts and membrane permeabilization.

    2. Aging & Neurodegeneration

    Used to study:

    • Age-related mitochondrial decline

    • Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease models

    • Axonal transport and synaptic energy failure

    SS-31 preserves mitochondrial structure and function in long-term oxidative stress conditions.

    3. Cardiomyopathy & Heart Failure

    High-energy cardiac tissue relies heavily on intact mitochondrial function.

    SS-31 is studied for:

    • Infarct size reduction

    • Improved myocardial contractility

    • Protection against pressure-overload injury

    4. Skeletal Muscle & Sarcopenia

    In muscle models, SS-31 is used to investigate:

    • Mitochondrial efficiency in myocytes

    • ROS-driven muscle atrophy

    • Energy failure in aging muscle

    Often paired with PGC-1α, NAD⁺, or MOTS-C studies.

     

    Research Context & Synergies

    SS-31 is frequently studied alongside:

    • NAD⁺ / NMN / NR → energy signaling support

    • MOTS-C → metabolic adaptation

    • BPC-157 → tissue repair + mitochondrial resilience

    • SS-31 + exercise mimetic models

    This positions SS-31 as a core mitochondrial backbone peptide.

     

    Product Specifications

    • Compound Name: SS-31 (Elamipretide)

    • CAS Number: 736992-21-5

    • Molecular Formula: C₃₂H₄₉N₉O₅

    • Molecular Weight: 639.8 Da

    • Amino Acid Sequence: D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂

    • Peptide Class: Mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide

    • Purity: ≥98% (HPLC verified)

    • Form: Lyophilized powder

    • Appearance: White to off-white solid

    • Storage: ≤ –20 °C, desiccated, protected from light

     

    Batch Documentation & Traceability

    Each vial is shipped with a lot-specific QR code that provides secure access to batch documentation, including:

    • Certificate of Analysis (COA)
    • Identity verification report (HPLC / MS)
    • Lot number, potency, and expiration

    Documentation is locked to the specific batch shipped to ensure traceability, version control, and research reproducibility.

    QR access is provided with the physical product and is not reused across lots.

     

    Research Use Disclaimer

    This compound is supplied exclusively for laboratory research use.
    Not for human or veterinary use.
    Not intended for diagnostic, therapeutic, or consumptive applications.