1 2

SS-31

REFERENCE STANDARD

Manufactured & Fulfilled in Wyoming, USA
Identity Verified • HPLC Tested • Lot Tracked • Research Use Only
VELORA RESEARCH ADVANTAGES
✓ Fresh Production Lots
✓ QR Traceability
✓ Domestic Fulfillment
✓ Direct Manufacturer Support
✓ Lot-Specific Documentation
✓ COA Available

Manufactured for Researchers Who Refuse to Compromise

Velora Biolabs manufactures, lyophilizes, packages, and fulfills research materials directly from our Wyoming laboratory.

Every production lot is assigned unique batch documentation, QR traceability, and lot-specific verification to support consistency and reproducibility.

Unlike suppliers relying on aging inventory and third-party fulfillment, Velora maintains direct oversight from production through shipment.

$69.00
$69.00
Specification

CURRENT LOT INVENTORY

Photographed inventory manufactured, packaged, and fulfilled directly by Velora Biolabs in Wyoming, USA.


✓ Fresh Production Lots

✓ QR Verification

✓ Batch Documentation

✓ Domestic Fulfillment

✓ Direct Manufacturer Support

LOT DOCUMENTATION

Scientific Background

Cellular Energy Preservation, Oxidative Stress & Apoptosis Research

Category:
Mitochondrial Biology • Cellular Bioenergetics • Oxidative Stress • Aging & Cell Death Research

 

What Researchers Study

SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide engineered to selectively localize to the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), where cellular energy production and apoptosis signaling originate.

Researchers study SS-31 because it:

  • Selectively binds cardiolipin, a mitochondrial-specific phospholipid

  • Stabilizes mitochondrial cristae architecture

  • Reduces mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS)

  • Preserves ATP production efficiency

  • Prevents cytochrome-c release and apoptosis initiation

SS-31 is widely regarded as a reference compound for mitochondrial membrane protection.

 

Primary Signal Pathways Studied

  • Cardiolipin–electron transport chain (ETC) stabilization

  • Mitochondrial ROS generation control

  • Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) regulation

  • ATP synthesis coupling efficiency

  • Intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptosis signaling

  • Cellular stress resilience and survival

 

Why This Molecule Is Studied

Unlike general antioxidants, SS-31:

  • Targets mitochondria directly

  • Acts at the source of ROS generation

  • Preserves physiological redox signaling elsewhere in the cell

  • Protects energy production without suppressing metabolism

This specificity makes SS-31 especially valuable for aging, ischemia, neurodegeneration, cardiac, and renal research.

 

Mechanistic Overview

SS-31 is water-soluble yet membrane-penetrant, allowing rapid intracellular uptake and accumulation within the IMM.

Key mechanisms include:

  • Cardiolipin binding, stabilizing ETC complex structure

  • ROS scavenging at the mitochondrial membrane

  • Reduction of lipid peroxidation cascades

  • Improved proton gradient integrity

  • Prevention of apoptosis signaling initiation

This results in higher ATP yield per substrate and improved cellular survival under stress.

 

Key Research Domains

1. Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury

Studied extensively in:

  • Cardiac ischemia

  • Stroke and cerebral ischemia

  • Renal ischemia models

SS-31 limits mitochondrial collapse during reperfusion by preventing ROS bursts and membrane permeabilization.

2. Aging & Neurodegeneration

Used to study:

  • Age-related mitochondrial decline

  • Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease models

  • Axonal transport and synaptic energy failure

SS-31 preserves mitochondrial structure and function in long-term oxidative stress conditions.

3. Cardiomyopathy & Heart Failure

High-energy cardiac tissue relies heavily on intact mitochondrial function.

SS-31 is studied for:

  • Infarct size reduction

  • Improved myocardial contractility

  • Protection against pressure-overload injury

4. Skeletal Muscle & Sarcopenia

In muscle models, SS-31 is used to investigate:

  • Mitochondrial efficiency in myocytes

  • ROS-driven muscle atrophy

  • Energy failure in aging muscle

Often paired with PGC-1α, NAD⁺, or MOTS-C studies.

 

Research Context & Synergies

SS-31 is frequently studied alongside:

  • NAD⁺ / NMN / NR → energy signaling support

  • MOTS-C → metabolic adaptation

  • BPC-157 → tissue repair + mitochondrial resilience

  • SS-31 + exercise mimetic models

This positions SS-31 as a core mitochondrial backbone peptide.

 

Product Specifications

  • Compound Name: SS-31 (Elamipretide)

  • CAS Number: 736992-21-5

  • Molecular Formula: C₃₂H₄₉N₉O₅

  • Molecular Weight: 639.8 Da

  • Amino Acid Sequence: D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂

  • Peptide Class: Mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide

  • Purity: ≥98% (HPLC verified)

  • Form: Lyophilized powder

  • Appearance: White to off-white solid

  • Storage: ≤ –20 °C, desiccated, protected from light

 

Batch Documentation & Traceability

Each vial is shipped with a lot-specific QR code that provides secure access to batch documentation, including:

• Certificate of Analysis (COA)
• Identity verification report (HPLC / MS)
• Lot number, potency, and expiration

Documentation is locked to the specific batch shipped to ensure traceability, version control, and research reproducibility.

QR access is provided with the physical product and is not reused across lots.

 

Research Use Disclaimer

This compound is supplied exclusively for laboratory research use.
Not for human or veterinary use.
Not intended for diagnostic, therapeutic, or consumptive applications.