{"product_id":"ll-37-peptide","title":"LL-37 Peptide | Antimicrobial Research","description":"\u003ch3 data-start=\"599\" data-end=\"688\"\u003eHuman Cathelicidin Peptide for Innate Immunity, Inflammation \u0026amp; Tissue-Repair Research\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"690\" data-end=\"837\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"690\" data-end=\"703\"\u003eCategory:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"703\" data-end=\"706\"\u003eImmunological \u0026amp; Inflammatory Signaling • Innate Immunity \u0026amp; Host Defense • Wound Healing \u0026amp; Angiogenesis\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"690\" data-end=\"837\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"844\" data-end=\"873\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"847\" data-end=\"873\"\u003eWhat Researchers Study\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"874\" data-end=\"1138\"\u003eLL-37 is the only \u003cstrong data-start=\"892\" data-end=\"937\"\u003ecathelicidin-derived host defense peptide\u003c\/strong\u003e naturally expressed in humans. It is produced by immune and epithelial cells—including neutrophils, keratinocytes, and mucosal tissues—and plays a central role in \u003cstrong data-start=\"1101\" data-end=\"1137\"\u003efirst-line innate immune defense\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1140\" data-end=\"1335\"\u003eResearchers study LL-37 not only for its \u003cstrong data-start=\"1181\" data-end=\"1214\"\u003edirect antimicrobial activity\u003c\/strong\u003e, but also for its broader role in \u003cstrong data-start=\"1249\" data-end=\"1334\"\u003eimmune modulation, inflammatory signaling balance, and tissue repair coordination\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1140\" data-end=\"1335\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"1342\" data-end=\"1380\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1345\" data-end=\"1380\"\u003ePrimary Signal Pathways Studied\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1381\" data-end=\"1438\"\u003eResearch involving LL-37 focuses on its interaction with:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1440\" data-end=\"1850\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1440\" data-end=\"1511\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1442\" data-end=\"1511\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1442\" data-end=\"1475\"\u003eMicrobial membrane disruption\u003c\/strong\u003e, via cationic amphipathic binding\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1512\" data-end=\"1604\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1514\" data-end=\"1604\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1514\" data-end=\"1550\"\u003eInnate immune receptor signaling\u003c\/strong\u003e, including FPR2 (FPRL1) and TLR-associated pathways\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1605\" data-end=\"1685\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1607\" data-end=\"1685\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1607\" data-end=\"1630\"\u003eCytokine modulation\u003c\/strong\u003e, influencing TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 signaling\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1686\" data-end=\"1767\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1688\" data-end=\"1767\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1688\" data-end=\"1718\"\u003eChemotaxis of immune cells\u003c\/strong\u003e, including neutrophils, monocytes, and T-cells\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1768\" data-end=\"1850\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1770\" data-end=\"1850\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1770\" data-end=\"1816\"\u003eAngiogenic and epithelial repair signaling\u003c\/strong\u003e, supporting tissue regeneration\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1852\" data-end=\"1966\"\u003eLL-37 is considered a \u003cstrong data-start=\"1874\" data-end=\"1899\"\u003epleiotropic regulator\u003c\/strong\u003e, linking pathogen defense with controlled inflammatory resolution.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1852\" data-end=\"1966\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"1973\" data-end=\"2007\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1976\" data-end=\"2007\"\u003eWhy This Peptide Is Studied\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2008\" data-end=\"2189\"\u003eTraditional antimicrobial agents act primarily by killing pathogens, often without supporting host repair or immune balance. Conversely, immune suppressants can impair host defense.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2191\" data-end=\"2241\"\u003eLL-37 is studied because it allows researchers to:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"2243\" data-end=\"2538\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2243\" data-end=\"2302\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2245\" data-end=\"2302\"\u003eExamine \u003cstrong data-start=\"2253\" data-end=\"2300\"\u003eendogenous antimicrobial defense mechanisms\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2303\" data-end=\"2377\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2305\" data-end=\"2377\"\u003eExplore how immune responses are \u003cstrong data-start=\"2338\" data-end=\"2375\"\u003einitiated, directed, and resolved\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2378\" data-end=\"2456\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2380\" data-end=\"2456\"\u003eInvestigate \u003cstrong data-start=\"2392\" data-end=\"2426\"\u003ewound healing and angiogenesis\u003c\/strong\u003e alongside immune activation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"2457\" data-end=\"2538\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2459\" data-end=\"2538\"\u003eStudy \u003cstrong data-start=\"2465\" data-end=\"2495\"\u003ehost-pathogen interactions\u003c\/strong\u003e without relying on classical antibiotics\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2540\" data-end=\"2663\"\u003eThis makes LL-37 a key research peptide in \u003cstrong data-start=\"2583\" data-end=\"2662\"\u003eimmunology, dermatology, infectious disease biology, and tissue engineering\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2540\" data-end=\"2663\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"2670\" data-end=\"2703\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2673\" data-end=\"2703\"\u003eResearch Areas of Interest\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"2705\" data-end=\"2743\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2709\" data-end=\"2743\"\u003eInnate Immunity \u0026amp; Host Defense\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2744\" data-end=\"2869\"\u003eLL-37 is widely studied in models of bacterial, fungal, and viral exposure to understand endogenous antimicrobial mechanisms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"2871\" data-end=\"2911\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2875\" data-end=\"2911\"\u003eInflammation \u0026amp; Immune Modulation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2912\" data-end=\"3048\"\u003eResearch explores how LL-37 balances pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling, preventing excessive immune damage while maintaining defense.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"3050\" data-end=\"3086\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"3054\" data-end=\"3086\"\u003eWound Healing \u0026amp; Angiogenesis\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3087\" data-end=\"3225\"\u003eLL-37 is examined for its role in keratinocyte migration, fibroblast activation, endothelial cell proliferation, and vascular development.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-start=\"3227\" data-end=\"3263\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"3231\" data-end=\"3263\"\u003eBarrier \u0026amp; Epithelial Biology\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3264\" data-end=\"3392\"\u003eBecause LL-37 is expressed at epithelial surfaces, it is studied in skin, lung, and gastrointestinal barrier integrity research.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3264\" data-end=\"3392\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"3399\" data-end=\"3436\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"3402\" data-end=\"3436\"\u003eSelected Scientific References\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"3437\" data-end=\"3798\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3437\" data-end=\"3531\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3439\" data-end=\"3531\"\u003eTurner et al., \u003cem data-start=\"3454\" data-end=\"3493\"\u003eAntimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy\u003c\/em\u003e — Antimicrobial properties of LL-37\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3532\" data-end=\"3611\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3534\" data-end=\"3611\"\u003eScott et al., \u003cem data-start=\"3548\" data-end=\"3571\"\u003eJournal of Immunology\u003c\/em\u003e — Immunomodulatory functions of LL-37\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3612\" data-end=\"3704\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3614\" data-end=\"3704\"\u003eShaykhiev et al., \u003cem data-start=\"3632\" data-end=\"3664\"\u003eAmerican Journal of Physiology\u003c\/em\u003e — Epithelial repair and wound closure\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3705\" data-end=\"3798\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3707\" data-end=\"3798\"\u003eHancock et al., \u003cem data-start=\"3723\" data-end=\"3750\"\u003eNature Reviews Immunology\u003c\/em\u003e — Host defense peptides and immune regulation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3800\" data-end=\"3872\"\u003e(References provided for educational context and literature navigation.)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3800\" data-end=\"3872\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-start=\"3879\" data-end=\"3908\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"3882\" data-end=\"3908\"\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"3910\" data-end=\"4323\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3910\" data-end=\"3959\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3912\" data-end=\"3959\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"3912\" data-end=\"3930\"\u003eCompound Name:\u003c\/strong\u003e LL-37 (Human Cathelicidin)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3960\" data-end=\"3995\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3962\" data-end=\"3995\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"3962\" data-end=\"3977\"\u003eCAS Number: \u003c\/strong\u003e154947-66-7\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"3996\" data-end=\"4041\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3998\" data-end=\"4041\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"3998\" data-end=\"4020\"\u003eMolecular Formula: \u003c\/strong\u003eC₂₀₅H₃₄₀N₆₀O₅₃\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4042\" data-end=\"4112\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4044\" data-end=\"4112\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"4044\" data-end=\"4068\"\u003eAmino Acid Sequence: \u003c\/strong\u003eLeu-Leu-Gly-Asp-Phe-Phe-Arg-Lys-Ser-Lys-Glu-Lys-Ile-Gly-Lys-Glu-Phe-Lys-Arg-Ile-Val-Gln-Arg-Ile-Lys-Asp-Phe-Leu-Arg-Asn-Leu-Val-Pro-Arg-Thr-Glu-Ser\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4113\" data-end=\"4148\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4115\" data-end=\"4148\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"4115\" data-end=\"4136\"\u003eMolecular Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e 4,493.34 Da\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4149\" data-end=\"4185\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4151\" data-end=\"4185\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"4151\" data-end=\"4162\"\u003ePurity:\u003c\/strong\u003e ≥98% (HPLC verified)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4186\" data-end=\"4218\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4188\" data-end=\"4218\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"4188\" data-end=\"4197\"\u003eForm:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lyophilized powder\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4219\" data-end=\"4263\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4221\" data-end=\"4263\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"4221\" data-end=\"4236\"\u003eAppearance:\u003c\/strong\u003e White to off-white solid\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"4264\" data-end=\"4323\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4266\" data-end=\"4323\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"4266\" data-end=\"4278\"\u003eStorage:\u003c\/strong\u003e ≤ –20 °C, desiccated, protected from light\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"638\" data-start=\"598\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"636\" data-start=\"598\"\u003eBatch Documentation \u0026amp; Traceability\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"762\" data-start=\"645\"\u003eEach vial is shipped with a \u003cstrong data-end=\"697\" data-start=\"673\"\u003elot-specific QR code\u003c\/strong\u003e that provides secure access to batch documentation, including:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"891\" data-start=\"769\"\u003e• Certificate of Analysis (COA)\u003cbr data-end=\"803\" data-start=\"800\"\u003e• Identity verification report (HPLC \/ MS)\u003cbr data-end=\"850\" data-start=\"847\"\u003e• Lot number, potency, and expiration\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1028\" data-start=\"898\"\u003eDocumentation is \u003cstrong data-end=\"955\" data-start=\"915\"\u003elocked to the specific batch shipped\u003c\/strong\u003e to ensure traceability, version control, and research reproducibility.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1113\" data-start=\"1035\"\u003eQR access is provided with the physical product and is not reused across lots.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"1113\" data-start=\"1035\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-end=\"5721\" data-start=\"5691\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-end=\"5721\" data-start=\"5694\"\u003eResearch Use Disclaimer\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"5862\" data-start=\"5722\"\u003eThis compound is supplied \u003cstrong data-end=\"5793\" data-start=\"5748\"\u003estrictly for laboratory research purposes\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003cbr data-end=\"5797\" data-start=\"5794\"\u003eNot for human or veterinary consumption, diagnosis, or treatment.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Velora Biolabs","offers":[{"title":"5 mg vial","offer_id":47055866396826,"sku":"VBL-375-RS-005","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0719\/1484\/8410\/files\/375.png?v=1782676098","url":"https:\/\/velorabiolabs.com\/products\/ll-37-peptide","provider":"Velora Biolabs","version":"1.0","type":"link"}